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A group of physicians in an image from the Vienna Dioscurides; Galen is depicted top center. In his time, Galen's reputation as both physician and philosopher was legendary, [81] the emperor Marcus Aurelius describing him as "Primum sane medicorum esse, philosophorum autem solum" (first among doctors and unique among philosophers Praen 14: 660).
Galen was a prolific writer from whose surviving works comes what Galen believed to be the definitive guide to a healthy diet, based on the theory of the four humours. [13] Galen understood the humoral theory in a dynamic sense rather than static sense such that yellow bile is hot and dry like fire; black bile is dry and cold like earth; phlegm ...
These celestial signs were only a part of the process in his work Critical Days. Galen also includes that the patients' feces, urine, sputum should be examined for diagnosis. He states that examination of the excrement could indicate a disease of the respirator system, urinary tract or vascular system. [27]
His anatomical reports, based mainly on dissection of monkeys, especially the Barbary macaque, and pigs, remained uncontested until 1543, when printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections were published in the seminal work De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas Vesalius [49] [50] where Galen's physiological theory was accommodated ...
All of these interventions carried high risk of complications, especially death. Around 80% of surgeries led to severe infections, and 50% of patients died either during surgery or from complications thereafter. [15] Many of the patients who were fortunate enough to survive remained psychologically traumatized for the rest of their lives. [16]
Galen produced more work than any author in antiquity, [1] His surviving work runs to over 2.6 million words, and many more of his writings are now lost. [1]Karl Gottlob Kühn of Leipzig (1754–1840) published an edition of 122 of Galen's writings between 1821 and 1833.
Claudius Galen Guesses At It. Perhaps the most famous doctor to come out of the Roman empire, Claudius Galen acknowledges the clitoris and theorizes that “all the parts, then, that men have, women have too, the difference between them lying in only one thing, namely, that in women the parts are within, whereas in men they are outside.”
Galen was known for his treatises on being both a physician and a philosopher and was well versed in the works of Plato. His medical anatomy is described through the use of Plato's incorporeal ideals of the soul. The heart was the spirited, the liver the appetitive, and the brain the logical. [12]