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Contreras-Zarate MJ et al. developed and characterized novel heterogeneous and clinically relevant human brain metastasis breast cancer PDXs (BM-PDXs) to study mechanisms of brain metastatic colonization, with the added benefit of a slower progression rate that makes them suitable for preclinical testing of drugs in therapeutic settings. [20]
MMTV-PyMT is the model of breast cancer metastasis, in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid development of highly metastatic tumors. [45] MMTV-PyMT is the most commonly used model for the study of mammary tumor progression and metastasis.
4T1 is a breast cancer cell line derived from the mammary gland tissue of a mouse BALB/c strain. [1] 4T1 cells are epithelial and are resistant to 6-thioguanine. [1] In preclinical research, 4T1 cells have been used to study breast cancer metastasis as they can metastasize to the lung, liver, lymph nodes, brain and bone.
CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the central nervous system. [ 1 ] The process of tumour cells invading distant tissue is complex and obscure, but modern technology has permitted an enhanced detection of metastasis .
Common sites of metastasis for breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the ...
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Evidence of the cancer stem cell model has been demonstrated in multiple tumour types including leukemias, [21] [22] glioblastoma, [23] breast cancer, [24] and prostate cancer. [25] However, the existence of CSCs is still under debate. One reason for this is that markers for CSCs have been difficult to reproduce across multiple tumours.