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Frequency modulation synthesis (or FM synthesis) is a form of sound synthesis whereby the frequency of a waveform is changed by modulating its frequency with a modulator. The (instantaneous) frequency of an oscillator is altered in accordance with the amplitude of a modulating signal. [1] FM synthesis can create both harmonic and inharmonic sounds.
The YM2612, a.k.a. OPN2, is a sound chip developed by Yamaha.It is a member of Yamaha's OPN family of FM synthesis chips, and is derived from the YM2203. [1]The YM2612 is a six-channel FM synthesizer used in several game and computer systems, most notably in Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis video game console [2] as well as Fujitsu's FM Towns computer series. [3]
Yamaha YM2420 (OPLL2) is a variant with slightly changed registers (intentionally undocumented to avoid hardware piracy), used in Yamaha's own home keyboards.It has the same pinout and built-in FM patches as the YM2413, but several registers have parts of the bit order reversed.
The YM2203, a.k.a. OPN (FM Operator Type-N), is a six-channel (3 FM and 3 SSG) sound chip developed by Yamaha.It was the progenitor of Yamaha's OPN family of FM synthesis chips used in many video game and computer systems throughout the 1980s and early 1990s.
The SY22 is a combined FM synthesis/sample-based synthesiser introduced by Yamaha in 1990, building on the vector synthesis technology developed by Sequential Circuits prior to their demise and takeover by Yamaha in 1987.
The Yamaha YM2164, a.k.a. OPP (FM Operator Type P), is an FM synthesis sound chip developed by Yamaha, an enhanced version of their YM2151 (a.k.a. OPM). The OPP was used in various MIDI-based synthesizers by Yamaha - DX21, DX27, DX100, SFG-05, FB-01 (a standalone SFG-05) - plus several licensed products: the IBM Music Feature Card (which is effectively an FB-01 on an ISA card) and Korg's DS-8 ...
The Yamaha SY99 is a synthesiser combining frequency modulation synthesis (branded as Advanced FM) and sample-based synthesis (branded as Advanced Wave Memory 2) and the direct successor to Yamaha's SY77/TG77.
The features of this chip were also incorporated into other Yamaha sound chips including the YM2203 and YM2608 chips, these were also capable of FM synthesis. In the same year Atari designed the POKEY chip for its home computers and game systems. It incorporated a PSG. [3] In 1979, Texas Instruments SN76489 was produced for the TI-99/4 computer.