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  2. Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port...

    Memory-mapped I/O is preferred in IA-32 and x86-64 based architectures because the instructions that perform port-based I/O are limited to one register: EAX, AX, and AL are the only registers that data can be moved into or out of, and either a byte-sized immediate value in the instruction or a value in register DX determines which port is the source or destination port of the transfer.

  3. Memory map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_map

    It is the fastest and most flexible cache organization that uses an associative memory. The associative memory stores both the address and content of the memory word. [further explanation needed] In the boot process of some computers, a memory map may be passed on from the firmware to instruct an operating system kernel about memory layout. It ...

  4. Memory mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_mapping

    Memory-mapped I/O, an alternative to port I/O; a communication between CPU and peripheral device using the same instructions, and same bus, as between CPU and memory; Virtual memory, technique which gives an application program the impression that it has contiguous working memory, while in fact it is physically fragmented and may even overflow ...

  5. Root complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_complex

    In addition, each PCIe Endpoint device holds a master copy of their own memory space map in the host system memory as a 'Type 0 Configuration Table', this configuration table in each device allows the host to access the local memory of a PCIe device. Both the Type 1 and Type 0 configuration tables are set up by the Host Operating System that ...

  6. Loader (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(computing)

    In the case of operating systems that support virtual memory, the loader may not actually copy the contents of executable files into memory, but rather may simply declare to the virtual memory subsystem that there is a mapping between a region of memory allocated to contain the running program's code and the contents of the associated ...

  7. Region-based memory management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region-based_memory_management

    e 1 at ρ: Compute the result of the expression e 1 and store it in region ρ; let region ρ in e 2 end: Create a region and bind it to ρ; evaluate e 2; then deallocate the region. Due to this syntactic structure, regions are nested, meaning that if r 2 is created after r 1, it must also be deallocated before r 1; the result is a stack of ...

  8. Memory-mapped file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory-mapped_file

    A memory-mapped file is a segment of virtual memory [1] that has been assigned a direct byte-for-byte correlation with some portion of a file or file-like resource. This resource is typically a file that is physically present on disk, but can also be a device, shared memory object, or other resource that an operating system can reference through a file descriptor.

  9. Page table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_table

    Physical memory can contain pages belonging to many processes. Pages can be held on disk if seldom used, or if physical memory is full. In the diagram above, some pages are not in physical memory. A page table is a data structure used by a virtual memory system in a computer to store mappings between virtual addresses and physical addresses.