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The thickness of the crown and the average crown spread will be measured and the general crown shape of the tree will be determined by visual comparison with a chart. The crown shape will be used to derive a crown form (CF) value for different tree shapes and will be the third parameter of the crown volume calculation formula.
Measurements are made with a carpenters tape from the frame to the edge of the trunk and the profile of the trunk shape is plotted. The data is then entered into a trapezoidal area function in a spreadsheet and converted into cross sectional area so as to calculate the equivalent circumference to use in the volume formula. [citation needed]
A second method uses a clinometer and a tape and is commonly employed in the forestry industry. [14] This process applies the trigonometric tangent function. In this process the horizontal distance is measured to the trunk of a tree from a sighting position. The angle to the top of the tree is measured with the clinometer.
An Excel spreadsheet can be used to determine the rate the apparent size of the scale changes with distance, and that value can be used to calculate the diameter of the tree given that the tree is circular in cross section and the distance to the front side of the tree is known. Girth then is calculated by multiplying the diameter by pi.
The clinometer and tape method, or the tangent method, is commonly used in the forestry industry to measure log length. [15] [16] Some clinometers are hand held devices used to measure angles of slopes. The user can sight to the top of a tree using such a clinometer and read the angle to the top using a scale in the instrument.
According to the New York Times, here's exactly how to play Strands: Find theme words to fill the board. Theme words stay highlighted in blue when found.
Strike and dip are measured in the field using a compass and with a clinometer. A compass is used to measure the azimuth of the strike, and the clinometer measures inclination of the dip. [2] Dr. E. Clar first described the modern compass-clinometer in 1954, and some continue to be referred to as Clar compasses. [10]
Go to any sports game—whether it’s a high school game or a pro one—and you’re bound to see athletes on the sidelines drinking Gatorade. It’s likely a staple at your local gym too. A ...
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