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It may be placed after an initial letter used to abbreviate a word. It is often placed after each individual letter in acronyms and initialisms (e.g., "U.S."). However, the use of full stops after letters in an initialism or acronym is declining, and many of these without punctuation have become accepted norms (e.g., "UK" and "NATO").
The APA also notes, "the usual convention for published works remains one space after each period", [34] and that the practice of publishers removing extra spaces from a manuscript prior to publication "is a routine part of the manuscript preparation process here at the APA".
A period (a.k.a. full stop) is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules, a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not.
A shortening is an abbreviation formed by removing at least the last letter of a word (e.g. etc. and rhino), and sometimes also containing letters not present in the full form (e.g. bike). As a general rule, use a full point after a shortening that only exists in writing (e.g. etc.) but not for a shortening that is used in speech (e.g. rhino).
An inhabited initial is an initial, an enlarged letter at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text that contains an illustration of human or animal figures within the letter. It is similar to a historiated initial (see below); however, the figures in historiated initials show an identifiable scene or story, while the figures in ...
A dot at the baseline after a capital letter may stand for a title if it is used such as in front of names or a person's name in medieval legal documents. However, not all sigla use the beginning of the word. Exceptions: sigla not using the first letter of the abbreviated word. For plural words, the siglum is often doubled: F. = frater and FF ...
In view of In ictu oculi's remark below, my proposed refined wording would be: "Initials are usually capitalized, and each abbreviation is usually followed by a period. A space after a period is only required before a non-abbreviated word. For example, both J.K. (singer) and J. K. L. Ross are acceptable.
The relative size of the sentence spacing would vary depending on the size of the word spaces and the justification needs. [17] For most countries, this remained the standard for published work until the 20th century. [18] Yet, even in this period, there were publishing houses that used a standard word space between sentences. [7]