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In 2003, Ethiopia passed a new nationality statute, replacing the 1930 Nationality Law, which had been in force for seven decades. [93] The 2003 Nationality Proclamation eliminated gender inequalities in the previous legislation allowing children to derive nationality from either parent and spouses to equally attain Ethiopian nationality. [94]
Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups. Most people in Ethiopia speak Afro-Asiatic languages, mainly of the Cushitic and Semitic branches. The former includes the Oromo and Somali, and the latter includes the Amhara and Tigray. Together these four groups make up three-quarters of the population.
The Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Day is celebrated on 8 December coinciding the adoption of the 1994 Constitutional Assembly.Since 2006, the holiday is celebrated, adorned by festivals participating the country's eighty ethnic groups gathering in every cities and dancing with their music and traditional attire to demonstrate unity and diversity.
The star insignia indicates equality between nationalities of Ethiopia. [35] An Italian occupation of Ethiopia following Second Italo-Ethiopian War brought legacy of ethnic marginalization of major ethnic groups: the Oromos, Amharas, Tigrayans, and Somalis. Ethiopia underwent series civil clashes under communist military junta Derg.
In terms of writing systems, Ethiopia's principal orthography is the Ge'ez script, employed as an abugida for several of the country's languages. For instance, it was the primary writing system for Afan Oromo until 1991.
Among these, Semitic speakers often collectively refer to themselves as the Habesha people. The Arabic form of this term (al-Ḥabasha) is the etymological basis of "Abyssinia", the former name of Ethiopia in English and other European languages. [277] In 2009, Ethiopia hosted a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately ...
The Oromo people (pron. / ˈ ɒr əm oʊ / ORR-əm-oh [11] Oromo: Oromoo) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya. [12] They speak the Oromo language (also called Afaan Oromoo), which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. [12]
The Warjih were among the first people in the Horn of Africa to become Muslim, having accepted Islam by the eighth century. Alongside another ancient Muslim group to their west, the Gebel, who would eventually procreate the Argobba people. Warjih were under the Sultanate of Shewa in the ninth century. [5]