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  2. Calculus of voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_voting

    A political science model based on rational choice used to explain why citizens do or do not vote. The alternative equation is V = pB + D > C. Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of ...

  3. Rational choice model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_model

    The rational choice model, also called rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour. [1] The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be traced back to the political economist and philosopher Adam Smith . [ 2 ]

  4. Social choice theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_choice_theory

    Social choice theory is a branch of welfare economics that extends the theory of rational choice to collective decision-making. [1] Social choice studies the behavior of different mathematical procedures ( social welfare functions ) used to combine individual preferences into a coherent whole.

  5. Decision theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_theory

    The mythological judgement of Paris required selecting from three incomparable alternatives (the goddesses shown).. Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses the tools of expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty.

  6. Social Choice and Individual Values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Choice_and...

    The Introduction contrasts voting and markets with dictatorship and social convention (such as those in a religious code). Both exemplify social decisions. Voting and markets facilitate social choice in a sense, whereas dictatorship and convention limit it. The former amalgamate possibly differing tastes to make a social choice.

  7. Social welfare function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_welfare_function

    Arrow's impossibility theorem is a key result on social welfare functions, showing an important difference between social and consumer choice: whereas it is possible to construct a rational (non-self-contradictory) decision procedure for consumers based only on ordinal preferences, it is impossible to do the same in the social choice setting ...

  8. Arrow's impossibility theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow's_impossibility_theorem

    We will prove that any social choice rule respecting unanimity and independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) is a dictatorship. The proof is in three parts: We identify a pivotal voter for each individual contest (A vs. B, B vs. C, and A vs. C). Their ballot swings the societal outcome. We prove this voter is a partial dictator. In other ...

  9. Voting behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_behavior

    Voting behavior is significantly influenced by retrospective assessments of government performance, which should be differentiated from the influence of policy issues. [43] Different opinions on what the government ought to do are involved in policy concerns, which are prospective or based on what will happen.