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An example includes the wide-ranging network of environmental groups and individuals who push for more environmental regulation in government policy. [1] Other issue networks may revolve around such controversial issues as abortion, gun ownership rights, and drug laws. In the most extreme circumstances, issue networks may seek to achieve their ...
The Philippine National Broadband Network controversy (also referred to as the NBN–ZTE deal or NBN–ZTE mess) involved allegations of corruption in the awarding of a US$329 million construction contract to Chinese telecommunications firm ZTE for the proposed government-managed National Broadband Network (NBN).
In 2012, President Benigno Aquino said that, according to Transparency International, the factors driving the progress in the Philippines' Corruption Perception Index scores at that time were improved government service and reduced red tape. [8] Between 2012 and 2014, the Philippines's score rose from 34 to its highest-ever score of 38. [9]
Non-government actors in these networks usually include not only interest group representatives but also professional or academic experts. An important characteristic of issue network is that membership is constantly changing, interdependence is often asymmetric and – compared to policy communities – it is harder to identify dominant actors ...
A telephone network was established in Iloilo City in 1894. Jose de Olagier y Feliu requested permission from the Spanish Officials in the Philippines in 1892 to operate a telephone network covering the Spanish Cities of Iloilo, Jaro, and the town of Molo. Permission was granted for a 10 km radius telephone network with bidding for the public ...
The system traces its origins to the Spanish colonial period where Filipinos were forced to obtain the consent of the Spanish or a wealthy fellow Filipino, usually a friar, to occupy a government position or improve their social or economic status. [1] The padrino system in the Philippines has been the source of many controversies and corruption.
Global public policy networks (GPPNs) are non-state entities that bring together actors from various sectors including governments, international organizations, civil society and business to address global issues. [1]
In the Philippines, a government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC), sometimes with an "and/or", [1] is a state-owned enterprise that conducts both commercial and non-commercial activity. Examples of the latter would be the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), a social security system for government employees.