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  2. Cloud physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_physics

    the cloud IR emissivity, with values between 0 and 1, with a global average around 0.7; the effective cloud amount, the cloud amount weighted by the cloud IR emissivity, with a global average of 0.5; the cloud (visible) optical depth varies within a range of 4 and 10. the cloud water path for the liquid and solid (ice) phases of the cloud particles

  3. Liquid water content - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_water_content

    The droplet concentration of a cloud is the number of water droplets in a volume of cloud, typically a cubic centimeter (Wallace, 2006). The formula for the droplet concentration is as follows. = / In this equation, N is the total number of water droplets in the volume, and V is the total volume of the cloud being measured.

  4. Cloud albedo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_albedo

    Cloud albedo strongly influences the Earth's energy budget, accounting for approximately half of Earth's albedo. [1] [2] Cloud albedo is influenced by the conditions of cloud formation and variations in cloud albedo depend on the total mass of water, the size and shape of the droplets or particles and their distribution in space. [3]

  5. Cloud condensation nuclei - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei

    A typical raindrop is about 2 mm in diameter, a typical cloud droplet is on the order of 0.02 mm, and a typical cloud condensation nucleus is on the order of 0.0001 mm or 0.1 μm or greater in diameter. [1] The number of cloud condensation nuclei in the air can be measured at ranges between around 100 to 1000 per cm 3. [1]

  6. Marine cloud brightening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_cloud_brightening

    Clouds consist of water droplets, and clouds with smaller droplets are more reflective (because of the Twomey effect). Cloud condensation nuclei are necessary for water droplet formation. The central idea underlying marine cloud brightening is to add aerosols to atmospheric locations where clouds form.

  7. CLOUD experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLOUD_experiment

    The nucleation process of water droplets/ice micro-crystals from water vapor reproduced in the CLOUD experiment and also directly observed in the Earth atmosphere do not only involve ions formation due to cosmic rays but also a range of complex chemical reactions with sulfuric acid, ammonia and organic compounds emitted in the air by human ...

  8. Hurricane dynamics and cloud microphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_dynamics_and...

    Hurricanes are mixed-phase clouds, meaning that liquid and solid water (ice) are both present in the cloud. Typically, liquid water dominates at altitudes lower than the freezing level and solid water at altitudes where the temperature is colder than -40 °C. Between 0 °C and -40 °C water can exists in both phases simultaneously.

  9. Bioaerosol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaerosol

    Cloud droplets, ice crystals, and precipitation use bioaerosols as a nucleus where water or crystals can form or hold onto their surface. These interactions show that air particles can change the hydrological cycle , weather conditions, and weathering around the world.