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The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.
Ultimate loss amounts are necessary for determining an insurance company's carried reserves. They are also useful for determining adequate insurance premiums, when loss experience is used as a rating factor [4] [5] [6] Loss development factors are used in all triangular methods of loss reserving, [7] such as the chain-ladder method.
An increased limit factor (ILF) at limit L relative to basic limit B can be defined as = + + + + + + ()where ALAE is the allocated loss adjustment expense provision, ULAE is the unallocated loss adjustment expense provision, and RL is the risk load provision.
The second rate making method is class rating, or manual rating. This rating means that exposures with similar characteristics are placed in the same underwriting class, and each is charged the same rate. The advantage of class rating lies with its easy application and ability to quickly be obtained. [1] The third rate making method is merit ...
For insurance, the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses incurred (paid and reserved) in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total premiums earned. [1] For example, if an insurance company pays $60 in claims for every $100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60% with a profit ratio/gross margin of 40% or $40.
The Michael E. O’Neill Stock Index From April 2009 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Michael E. O’Neill joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 22.1 percent return on your investment, compared to a 67.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
Data on Wednesday is likely to show the consumer price index increasing 0.3% in November after rising 0.2% for four straight months, a Reuters survey showed.
McKinsey found that the score increased siginficantly once critial mass was reached—about one-third women.7 McKinsey also found that the 89 European-listed companies with the highest proportions of women in senior leadership positions and at least two women on their board outperformed industry averages for the Stoxx Europe 600,