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SEV-ES Exit to VMM. Explicit communication with the VMM for SEV-ES VMs. [f] Guest: Zen 1: Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP): Reverse-Map Table (RMP) instructions PSMASH: F3 0F 01 FF: Page Smash: expands a 2MB-page RMP entry into a corresponding set of contiguous 4KB-page RMP entries. The 2 MB page's system physical address is specified in the RAX ...
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU.. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved by complex software techniques, necessary to compensate for the processor's lack of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities while attaining reasonable performance.
Westmere and later Intel processors usually [15] can start the virtual processor directly in real mode using the "unrestricted guest" feature (which itself requires Extended Page Tables); this method removes the need to resort to the nested virtual 8086 mode simply to run the legacy BIOS for booting.
Nested virtualization becomes more necessary as widespread operating systems gain built-in hypervisor functionality, which in a virtualized environment can be used only if the surrounding hypervisor supports nested virtualization; for example, Windows 7 is capable of running Windows XP applications inside a built-in virtual machine.
Hyper-V in Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 1607 adds [55] Nested virtualization [56] (Intel processors only, both the host and guest instances of Hyper-V must be Windows Server 2016 or Windows 10 or later) Discrete Device Assignment (DDA), allowing direct pass-through of compatible PCI Express devices to guest Virtual Machines [57]
Hypervisor refers to kernel-space functionality and VMM to user-space functionality. Specifically in these contexts, a hypervisor is a microkernel implementing virtualization infrastructure that must run in kernel-space for technical reasons, such as Intel VMX. Microkernels implementing virtualization mechanisms are also referred to as ...
Full virtualization – Almost complete virtualization of the actual hardware to allow software environments, including a guest operating system and its apps, to run unmodified. Paravirtualization – The guest apps are executed in their own isolated domains, as if they are running on a separate system, but a hardware environment is not simulated.
Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI), known as Nested Page Tables (NPT) during its development, is an AMD second generation hardware-assisted virtualization technology for the processor memory management unit (MMU). [1] [2] RVI was introduced in the third generation of Opteron processors, code name Barcelona. [3]