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Synthetic polymers began replacing other chemical binders for soil stabilization in agriculture in the late 20th century. [1] Compared to traditional chemical binders, polymer soil additives can achieve the same amount of strengthening at much lower concentrations – for example, mixtures of 0.5-1% of various biopolymers have strength levels that match or exceed those of 10% cement mixtures ...
The nature of soluble silicates is relevant to understanding biomineralization and the synthesis of aluminosilicates, such as the industrially important catalysts called zeolites. [7] Along with aluminate anions, soluble silicate anions also play a major role in the polymerization mechanism of geopolymers.
In the 1950s, Viktor Glukhovsky developed concrete materials originally known as "soil silicate concretes" and "soil cements", [5] but since the introduction of the geopolymer concept by Joseph Davidovits, the terminology and definitions of the word geopolymer have become more diverse and often conflicting.
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]
Siliceous soils are formed from rocks that have silica (SiO 2) as a principal constituent.The parent material of siliceous soils may include quartz sands, chert, quartzite, quartz reefs, granite, rhyolite, ademellite, dellenite, quartz sandstone, quartz siltstone, siliceous tuff, among others. [1]
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. [1] [2] [3] There are many forms of polymerization [4] and different systems exist to categorize them. IUPAC definition for ...
They are typically colorless weak acids that are sparingly soluble in water. Like the silicate anions, which are their better known conjugate bases, silicic acids are proposed to be oligomeric or polymeric. No simple silicic acid has ever been identified, since these species are primarily of theoretical interest.
The subunits of colloidal silica particles are typically in the range of 1 to 5 nm. Whether or not these subunits are joined depends on the conditions of polymerization. Initial acidification of a water-glass (sodium silicate) solution yields Si(OH) 4. If the pH is reduced below 7 or if salt is added, then the units tend to fuse together in chains.