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Manichaeism (/ ˌ m æ n ɪ ˈ k iː ɪ z əm /; [4] in Persian: آئین مانی Āʾīn-ī Mānī; Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móníjiào) is a former major world religion, [5] founded in the 3rd century CE by the Parthian [6] prophet Mani (216–274 CE), in the Sasanian Empire.
In the same year, French Sinologists Shawan and Perch and translated the scripture into French and considered them as Manichaean scripture. [2] The manuscript is in scrolls, with an incomplete head. It currently has 345 lines and approximately 7,000 characters. It is currently the only Chinese Manichean classic in China.
Besides that, Manichaean spelling was less conservative or historical and corresponded closer to contemporary pronunciation: e.g. a word such as āzād "noble, free" was written ʼčʼt in Pahlavi, but ʼʼzʼd in Manichaean Middle Persian of the same period. Manichaean script was not the only script used to render Manichaean manuscripts.
Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies (NHMS; ISSN 0929-2470) is an academic book series on Gnosticism, the Nag Hammadi library, Manichaeism, and related subjects. [1] The series was founded as Nag Hammadi Studies ( NHS ; ISSN 0169-7749 ) in 1971 and is published by Brill . [ 2 ]
Manichaean scripture includes nine main books: the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, all personally written by Mani in Syriac, the Shabuhragan written by Mani in Middle Persian, and the Arzhang, a series of illustrations painted by Mani. The Kephalaia are not scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture ...
The Xiabuzan (Chinese: 下部讚 [1]) is a Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll found by British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the Mogao Grottoes. It contains a series of hymns used in religious ceremonies. It is currently held at the British Library, where it is catalogued as number S.2659. [2] [3]
The Epistles is one of the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism.It is derived from the Middle Ancient Persian dēwān, which means "Letter Collection". [1] They have been long known among Manichaean scriptures [2] They were originally written during the years of Mani’s public mission in the Sasanian Empire (ca. 240-276 C.E.).
The Dunhuang Manichaean texts refers to three Manichaean manuscripts of the Tang dynasty found in the Buddhist scripture cave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. [1] Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll; Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism; Manichaean Compendium; Irk Bitig a Turkic divination text written in the Old Turkic script.