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The first page is a text addressed to the UN Secretary General, noting China's sovereignty claim to the "islands in the South China Sea and the adjacent waters", however, the document remains ambiguous by being silent as to the precise meaning of the map enclosed, and the meaning of the nine-dash line on it
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Traditional political ideology promotes merit-based inequality. Official propaganda emphasizes that economic development requires some people to get rich first, and the resulting inequality is the price this society pays for development. [6] China's traditional political consciousness promotes inequality based on performance.
In a landmark paper published in the Review of Development Economics, economists Ravi Kanbur and Xiaobo Zhang conclude that there have been three peaks of inequality in China in the last fifty years, “coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s.” [4 ...
Rural-urban disparity and the wealth gap; Since the economic reforms in China began, income inequality has increased significantly. The Gini Coefficient, an income distribution gauge, has worsened from 0.3 back in 1986 to 0.42 in 2011. [2]
In academic studies, rural poverty is often discussed in conjunction with spatial inequality, which in this context refers to the inequality between urban and rural areas. [2] Both rural poverty and spatial inequality are global phenomena, but like poverty in general, there are higher rates of rural poverty in developing countries than in ...
Based on research, income inequality itself does not create income segregation – the presence of income-correlated residential preferences, and an income-based housing market and/or housing policies is crucial. [2] An increase in inequality in the US from 1970 to 1990 resulted in an increase in income segregation.
For example, the party built most of the industrial plants, under the Soviet help, in inland areas instead of coastal areas, and the former treaty ports were not prioritized in the First five-year plan. [101] Such efforts to level spatial inequality continued during the Great Leap Forward, but the regional inequality persisted.