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Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters. [1] The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η ...
Torque when one end of a 1 m long moment arm is acted upon by a force of 1 N. 10^2: 108 N⋅m to 149 N⋅m: 80 lb⋅ft to 110 lb⋅ft: Torque to which most lug nuts are tightened. [1] 10^2: 881 N⋅m: 650 lb⋅ft: Torque at the crankshaft of a Dodge Charger SRT HellCat. [2] 10^4 13,000 N⋅m Example 2 MW wind turbine, generator side. [3] 10^6 ...
Torque specifications vary by vehicle and wheel type. Both vehicle and wheel manufacturers provide recommended torque values which should be consulted when an installation is done. Failure to abide by the recommended torque value can result in damage to the wheel and brake rotor/drum. Additionally, under-tightened lug nuts may come loose with time.
Installing a wheel with a lug wrench thus requires a bit of rough guessing about proper tightness. Excessive force can strip threads or make the nuts very difficult to remove. Also, uneven torque between the various lug nuts, or excessive torque, can lead to warping of the brake rotor if the car is equipped with disc brakes.
Because wheel offset changes the lever-arm length between the center of the tire and the centerline of the steering knuckle, the way bumps, road imperfections, and acceleration/braking forces turn into steering torques (bump-steer, torque-steer, etc.) and thus, will change the drivability of the vehicle depending on wheel offset.
Torque vectoring is a technology employed in automobile differentials that has the ability to vary the torque to each half-shaft with an electronic system; or in rail vehicles which achieve the same using individually motored wheels. In the case of automobiles, it is used to augment the stability or cornering ability of the vehicle.
When both wheels are spinning at the same speed, the torque distribution to each wheel is: Trq (1 or 2) = ½ Trq in ±(½ Trq d ) while; Trq 1 +Trq 2 =Trq in . This means the maximum torque to either wheel is statically indeterminate but is in the range of ½ Trq in ±( ½ Trq d ).
The Jeep Wrangler (pictured is a TJ Wrangler) is a 4WD vehicle with a transfer case to select low-range or high-range four-wheel drive.. A four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously.