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End-stage chronic kidney disease with increased echogenicity, homogenous architecture without visible differentiation between parenchyma and renal sinus and reduced kidney size. Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by ‘+’ and a dashed line.
The various symptoms of acute kidney injury result from the various disturbances of kidney function that are associated with the disease. Accumulation of urea and other nitrogen-containing substances in the bloodstream lead to a number of symptoms, such as fatigue , loss of appetite , headache , nausea , and vomiting . [ 6 ]
The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. [1] In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections ( cortical columns ) that extend down between the pyramids .
The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids.Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; four or five minor calyces converge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis (which in turn drains urine out ...
The medical history takes into account present and past symptoms, especially those of kidney disease; recent infections; exposure to substances toxic to the kidney; and family history of kidney disease. Kidney function is tested by using blood tests and urine tests. The most common blood tests are creatinine, urea and electrolytes.
Kidney infarction: CT scan of the abdomen showing partial infarct of the left kidney. Specialty: Nephrology: Symptoms: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. [1] Complications: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. [1] Causes: Cardioembolic disease, renal artery injury, and hypercoagulable state. [1] Diagnostic method
Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease is defined as prolonged kidney abnormalities (functional and/or structural in nature) that last for more than three months. [1] Acute kidney disease is now termed acute kidney injury and is ...
CT scan or kidney ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; serial imaging may be useful for differentiating this condition from kidney cancer. [10] Acute pyelonephritis with increased cortical echogenicity and blurred delineation of the upper pole [20]