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  2. Thermistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor

    A thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor ... This can be used to convert the function of resistance vs. temperature of a thermistor into a linear function ...

  3. Thermoelectric cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling

    Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.

  4. Infrared detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_detector

    Golay cells follow thermal expansion. In IR spectrometers the pyroelectric detectors are the most widespread. The response time and sensitivity of photonic detectors can be much higher, but usually these have to be cooled to cut thermal noise. The materials in these are semiconductors with narrow band gaps. Incident IR photons can cause ...

  5. Thermal conductivity detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_detector

    The TCD consists of an electrically heated filament in a temperature-controlled cell. Under normal conditions there is a stable heat flow from the filament to the detector body. When an analyte elutes and the thermal conductivity of the column effluent is reduced, the filament heats up and changes resistance.

  6. Thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_generator

    Thermoelectric generators function like heat engines, but are less bulky and have no moving parts. However, TEGs are typically more expensive and less efficient. [ 2 ] When the same principle is used in reverse to create a heat gradient from an electric current, it is called a thermoelectric (or Peltier) cooler .

  7. Thermocouple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple

    A thermocouple, also known as a "thermoelectrical thermometer", is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming an electrical junction.A thermocouple produces a temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the Seebeck effect, and this voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature.

  8. Self-regulating heater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-regulating_heater

    Since PTC heating elements are a kind of thermistor, they share the same principles of operation. The details depend on the type of material, but a class of materials widely used are crystalline ceramics. During manufacture, dopants are added to give the material semiconductor properties. These materials have somewhat negative temperature ...

  9. RNA thermometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_thermometer

    Biological reactions and organism are sensitive to temperature for cell function. RNA thermometers are an efficient way to respond to temperature because as they allow cells to monitor and sense changes to maintain the cell alive and stable. DNA, RNA, or protein-induced mechanisms avoid small changes because by sensing any external changes [16]