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The Asian soybean rust is a polycyclic disease: within the disease cycle, the asexual urediniospores keep infecting the same plant. Teliospores (sexual spores) are the survival spores that overwinter in the soil. Basidiospores are the spores that are able to contaminate an alternative host. The urediniospores need a minimum of six hours to ...
Soybean rust is a disease that affects soybeans and other legumes. It is caused by two types of fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, commonly known as Asian soybean rust, and Phakopsora meibomiae, commonly known as New World soybean rust. P. meibomiae is the weaker pathogen of the two and generally does not cause widespread problems.
Aspergillus sojae is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. In Japan, it is used to make the ferment of soy sauce, miso, mirin, and other lacto-fermented condiments such as tsukemono. Soy sauce condiment is produced by fermenting soybeans with A. sojae, [1] along with water and salt.
Three varieties of kōji mold are used for making shōchū, each with distinct characteristics. [16] [17] [18]Genichirō Kawachi (1883 -1948), who is said to be the father of modern shōchū and Tamaki Inui (1873 -1946), a lecturer at University of Tokyo succeeded in the first isolation and culturing of aspergillus species such as A. kawachii, A. awamori, and a variety of subtaxa of A. oryzae ...
It’s made using just four ingredients: cooked soybeans, grains (typically rice), salt, and koji mold, a type of fungus scientifically known as Aspergillus oryzae. The koji works by producing ...
Soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Spiral nematode Helicotylenchus spp. Sting nematode Belonolainus gracilis Belonolaimus longicaudatus. Stubby root nematode Paratrichodorus minor. Stunt nematode Quinisulcius acutus Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Seed: The disease on the host soybean itself can be determined by a light activated red perlene quinon, cercosporin, with a molecular weight of 534. In being exposed to light, cercosporin causes oxidative damage to the hosts cells membranes, lipids, and proteins, resulting in cell death (Newman 2016).
The fungus has more of a damaging impact when infection occurs before or at flowering (Lin and Kelly, 2018 [2]). Fungal infection occurs with direct contact from an already infected soybean pod but the fungus can also spread from seed to seed during plant growth. [2]