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The 1941 Iraqi coup d'état (Arabic: ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني), also called the Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani coup or the Golden Square coup, was a nationalist and pro-German coup d'état in Iraq on 1 April 1941 that overthrew the pro-British regime of Regent 'Abd al-Ilah and Prime Minister Nuri al-Said and installed Rashid Ali al-Gaylani as prime minister.
Führer Directive No. 30 dealt with German intervention in support of Arab nationalists in the Kingdom of Iraq.During the 1930s, representatives of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy attempted to gain favor with various Iraqi nationalists and promised support against the British.
A major element in Nazi propaganda denounced Communism in Germany and in the Soviet Union. After 1933 Communism was largely destroyed inside Germany. Nazi foreign relations with the Soviet Union were cold. Moscow tried and failed to form alliances with Britain, France and Eastern European countries.
This hostility was used in Nazi propaganda to allege an anti-colonial common interest that Nazi Germany held. [9] However this interest conflicted with interests of Nazi Germany's allies who also had colonies in the Arab world, namely Spain, Vichy France and Italy, and thus had to manage competing interests in the region.
On 1 September 1939, Nazi Germany occupied Poland and World War II began. On 3 September, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany. After Germany and the United Kingdom became enemies, the Kingdom of Iraq deported German officials and broke off
The French also agreed to allow passage of other weapons and material and loaned several airbases in northern Syria to Germany, for the transport of German aircraft to Iraq. [81] Between 9 May and the end of the month, about 100 German and about 20 Italian aircraft landed on Syrian airfields. [82]
Following the independence of Iraq, France maintained formal relations with the Iraqi Kingdom, even the governments coming in result of coup.At the turn of the 1940s, the occupation of France and establishment of Vichy France during World War II forced the French government into exile, as well as another Iraqi coup lead to a pro-German regime [5] that put the two governments in conflict.
International relations (1919–1939) covers the main interactions shaping world history in this era, known as the interwar period, with emphasis on diplomacy and economic relations. The coverage here follows the diplomatic history of World War I and precedes the diplomatic history of World War II .