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Among Christian denominations today, however, there is a large variety of views regarding birth control that range from the acceptance of birth control to only allowing natural family planning to teaching Quiverfull doctrine, which disallows contraception and holds that Christians should have large families.
Protestant views on contraception are markedly more pluralistic than the doctrine expressed by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church, due to historical divergences of theological thought that began during the Protestant Reformation, including the rejection of an infallible doctrinal authority other than Scripture.
As offspring are the right of both the husband and the wife, the birth control method should be used with both parties consent. The method should not cause permanent sterility. [41] The method should not otherwise harm the body. Ahmadiyya Muslims believe birth control is prohibited if resorted to for fear of financial strain. [45]
Historians note that Catholic missionaries, popes and religious were among the leaders in campaigns against slavery, an institution that has existed in almost every culture [8] [9] [10] and often included sexual slavery of women. Christianity affected the status of women in evangelized cultures like the Roman Empire by condemning infanticide ...
In 1978, the Unitarian Universalist Association passed a resolution that declared, "...[the] right to choice on contraception and abortion are important aspects of the right of privacy, respect for human life, and freedom of conscience of women and their families". [83]
In 1930, the Lambeth Conference issued a statement permitting birth control: "Where there is a clearly felt moral obligation to limit or avoid parenthood, complete abstinence is the primary and obvious method", but if there was morally sound reasoning for avoiding abstinence, "the Conference agrees that other methods may be used, provided that this is done in the light of Christian principles".
Nonetheless, Hindu women do not commonly use surrogacy as an option to treat infertility, despite often serving as surrogates for Western commissioning couples. [ 15 ] [ 14 ] When surrogacy is practiced by Hindus, it is more likely to be used within the family circle as opposed to involving anonymous donors.
Under the first Christian Roman emperor Constantine, there was a relaxation of attitudes toward abortion and exposure of children. [149] Bakke writes, "Since an increasing number of Christian parents were poor and found it difficult to look after their children, the theologians were forced to take into account this situation and reflect anew on ...