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Hemolytic anemia accounts for 5% of all existing anemias. [2] It has numerous possible consequences, ranging from general symptoms to life-threatening systemic effects. [2] The general classification of hemolytic anemia is either intrinsic or extrinsic. [3] Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia. [2]
A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell. Hemolysis or haemolysis (/ h iː ˈ m ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s /), [1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).
Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin. [11] Complications related to hemolytic jaundice include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment. [12] [13]
Initial medical treatment consists of prednisone. If ineffective, splenectomy should be considered. [citation needed] If refractory to both these therapies, other options include rituximab, [4] [5] danazol, cyclosphosphamide, azathioprine, or ciclosporin. High-dose intravenous immune globulin may be effective in controlling hemolysis, but the ...
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure), and low platelets. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Initial symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea , fever , vomiting , and weakness.
Hemolytic anemia is the hemolytic state in which anemia is present, and bone marrow function is inferentially unable to compensate for the shortened lifespan of the red cell. Immune hemolytic states are those, both anemic and nonanemic, which involve immune mechanisms consisting of antigen-antibody reactions.
When suspected, transfusion should be stopped immediately, and blood sent for tests to evaluate for presence of hemolysis. Treatment is supportive. Kidney injury may occur because of the effects of the hemolytic reaction (pigment nephropathy). [37]
Hemolytic transfusion reactions are a possible complication from red blood cell transfusions. Hemolysis refers to the lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, and the resulting leakage of their contents. Hemolytic reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions, such as DHTR, represent a type of alloimmunity.
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