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Periorbital cellulitis, or preseptal cellulitis, is an inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye anterior to the orbital septum. [1] It may be caused by breaks in the skin around the eye, and subsequent spread to the eyelid; infection of the sinuses around the nose (); or from spread of an infection elsewhere through the blood.
Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths worldwide, up from 12,600 in 2005. [8] Cellulitis is a common global health burden, with more than 650,000 admissions per year in the United States alone. In the United States, an estimated 14.5 million cases annually of cellulitis account for $3.7 billion in ambulatory care costs alone.
Orbital cellulitis is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum. It is most commonly caused by an acute spread of infection into the eye socket from either the adjacent sinuses or through the blood. It may also occur after trauma. When it affects the rear of the eye, it is known as retro-orbital cellulitis.
Orbital septum acts as a physical barrier that prevents the infection of the anterior part of the eye spreading posteriorly. For example, preseptal cellulitis mainly infects the eyelids, anterior to the orbital septum. Meanwhile, orbital cellulitis is located posterior the orbital septum, due to infections spreading from the ethmoidal sinuses.
Stage I, known as preseptal cellulitis, occurs when an infection develops in front to the orbital septum. [31] It is thought to result from restricted venous drainage from the sinuses and affects the soft tissue of the eyelids and other superficial structures. [31]
Cellulitis, a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. [7] Further, cellulitis can be classified based into purulent and non-purulent cellulitis, based on the most likely causative agent and the symptoms presentation. [8]
A stye and cellulitis may appear similar. [2] A stye, however, is usually more sudden in onset, painful, and occurs at the edge of the eyelid. [2] Cellulitis is also typically painful. [2] Treatment is initiated with warm compresses. [2] In addition, antibiotic/corticosteroid eyedrops or ointment may be used.
I want to also include links to other articles that can be similar in pathology and clinical findings (differential diagnosis), such as orbital apex syndrome, nonspecific orbital inflammation, neoplasias, systemic disorders, endocrine disorders and preseptal cellulitis because it is important to know how each of these conditions are different ...
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