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Rain scald (also known as dermatophilosis, tufailosis, rain rot or streptothricosis [1]) is a dermatological disease affecting cattle and horses. Once in the skin, the bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis causes inflammation of the skin as well as the appearance of scabs and lesions.
The organism is commonly found in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals (horses and goats). The frequency of infection can reach near 60%. [1] R. equi is an important pathogen causing pneumonia in foals. Since 2008, R. equi has been known to infect wild boar and domestic pigs. [2]
From the Greek derma (skin) + philos (loving), Dermatophilus congolensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. D. congolensis infects the epidermis and produces exudative dermatitis termed dermatophilosis that was previously known as rain rot, rain scald, streptotrichosis, and mycotic dermatitis.
In Horses, S. zooepidemicus is normal flora bacterium, but is opportunistic and therefore will infect wounds, the respiratory system, and uterine, if given the chance. In horses, which are most commonly infected, this bacterium causes an upper respiratory tract infection (along with the other symptoms).
As vector patterns change with warming temperatures, C. pseudotuberculosis in horses is re-emerging in the United States. [2] This bacterial species has caused occasional cases of infection in people who work closely with infected small ruminants, resulting in similar swellings of the lymph nodes in the neck and groin.
In horses, S. hyicus is not a common pathogen but when it does infect, it affects the skin of the distal limbs. [4] [47] This condition can be referred to as summer eczema or grease heel and it results in scabs and hair loss. [4] It can heal on its own or can be easily treated with antibiotics the bacteria is susceptible to. [4]
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