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In preemptive multitasking, the operating system kernel can also initiate a context switch to satisfy the scheduling policy's priority constraint, thus preempting the active task. In general, preemption means "prior seizure of". When the high-priority task at that instance seizes the currently running task, it is known as preemptive scheduling.
For example, Windows NT/XP/Vista uses a multilevel feedback queue, a combination of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling, round-robin, and first in, first out algorithms. In this system, threads can dynamically increase or decrease in priority depending on if it has been serviced already, or if it has been waiting extensively.
Fixed-priority preemptive scheduling is a scheduling system commonly used in real-time systems. [1] With fixed priority preemptive scheduling, the scheduler ensures that at any given time, the processor executes the highest priority task of all those tasks that are currently ready to execute.
A Round Robin preemptive scheduling example with quantum=3. Round-robin (RR) is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing. [1] [2] As the term is generally used, time slices (also known as time quanta) [3] are assigned to each process in equal portions and in circular order, handling all processes without priority (also known as cyclic executive).
Priority inversion can also reduce the perceived performance of the system. Low-priority tasks usually have a low priority because it is not important for them to finish promptly (for example, they might be a batch job or another non-interactive activity). Similarly, a high-priority task has a high priority because it is more likely to be ...
Earliest deadline first (EDF) or least time to go is a dynamic priority scheduling algorithm used in real-time operating systems to place processes in a priority queue. Whenever a scheduling event occurs (task finishes, new task released, etc.) the queue will be searched for the process closest to its deadline.
Fixed priority scheduling is a scheduling discipline, in which tasks queued for utilizing a system resource are assigned a priority each. A task with a high priority is allowed to access a specific system resource before a task with a lower priority is allowed to do the same.
Deadline-monotonic priority assignment is a priority assignment policy used with fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling. With deadline-monotonic priority assignment, tasks are assigned priorities according to their deadlines. The task with the shortest deadline is assigned the highest priority. [1]