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The Ancien Regime: A History of France 1610–1774 (1999), political survey ISBN 0-6312-1196-9; Lindsay, J.O. ed. The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 7: The Old Regime, 1713-1763 (1957) online; Lynn, John A. The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (1999) ISBN 0-5820-5629-2; Mayer, Arno (2010) [1981]. The Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to ...
The Second Estate constituted approximately 1.5% of France's population. [ citation needed ] Under the ancien régime ("old rule/old government", i.e. before the revolution), the Second Estate were exempt from the corvée royale (forced labor on the roads) and from most other forms of taxation such as the gabelle (salt tax), and most important ...
Alexis de Tocqueville, L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, Lévy, 1866 L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution (1856) is a work by the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville translated in English as either The Old Regime and the Revolution or The Old Regime and the French Revolution.
The Ancien Régime [a] also known as the Old Regime, was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (c. 1500) until 1789 and the French Revolution [7] which abolished the feudal system of the French nobility (1790) [8] and hereditary monarchy (1792). [9]
France on the eve of the modern era (1477). The red line denotes the boundary of the French kingdom, while the light blue the royal domain. In the mid 15th century, France was significantly smaller than it is today, [a] and numerous border provinces (such as Roussillon, Cerdagne, Calais, Béarn, Navarre, County of Foix, Flanders, Artois, Lorraine, Alsace, Trois-Évêchés, Franche-Comté ...
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
Prior to the revolution, France was a de jure absolute monarchy, a system that became known as the Ancien Régime.In practice, the power of the monarchy was typically checked by the nobility, the Roman Catholic Church, institutions such as the judicial parlements, national and local customs and, above all, the threat of insurrection.
The Old Regime and the French Revolution. University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization. Vol. 7. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-06950-0. Carlyle, Thomas (1902). The French Revolution: a History. New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons. Doyle, William (1990). The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford University Press.