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Primary coolant system showing reactor pressure vessel (red), steam generators (purple), Pressurizer (blue), and pumps (green) in the three coolant loop Hualong One design Nuclear fuel in the reactor pressure vessel is engaged in a controlled fission chain reaction , which produces heat, heating the water in the primary coolant loop by thermal ...
An integral calandria – end shield assembly; Zr-2.5% Nb pressure tubes separated from respective calandria tubes; A calandria tube filled with carbon dioxide (which is recirculated) to monitor pressure tube leak; It also has some new features as well, including: Partial boiling at the coolant channel outlet
A gas-cooled reactor (GCR) is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and a gas (carbon dioxide or helium in extant designs) as coolant. [1] Although there are many other types of reactor cooled by gas, the terms GCR and to a lesser extent gas cooled reactor are particularly used to refer to this type of reactor.
core coolant inlet: 307.5 core coolant outlet: 320 Equivalent core diameter, m — Active core height, mm: 3600 Outer diameter of fuel rods, mm: 13.16 Number of fuel rods in assembly: 311 Number of fuel assemblies 151 Uranium loading, tons - Average uranium enrichment, % 4.22 Average fuel burnup, MW · day / kg: 30
The tertiary cooling circuit is an open circuit diverting water from an outside reservoir such as a lake or river. Evaporative cooling towers, cooling basins or ponds transfer the waste heat from the generation circuit into the environment. In most VVERs this heat can also be further used for residential and industrial heating.
Helium has been the coolant used in all HTGRs to date. Helium is an inert gas, so it will generally not chemically react with any material. [12] Additionally, exposing helium to neutron radiation does not make it radioactive, [13] unlike most other possible coolants.
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Engines which require a tighter control of temperature, as they are sensitive to "Thermal shock" caused by surges of coolant, may use a "constant inlet temperature" system. In this arrangement the inlet cooling to the engine is controlled by double-valve thermostat which mixes a re-circulating sensing flow with the radiator cooling flow.
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