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Kotler and Gerald Zaltman created the field of social marketing, which applies marketing theory to influence behavior change that would benefit consumers, their peers, and society as a whole. [6] Kotler and Sidney Levy developed the idea of demarketing , which organizations must employ to reduce overall or selective demand when demand is too high.
A marketing mix is a foundational tool used to guide decision making in marketing. The marketing mix represents the basic tools that marketers can use to bring their products or services to the market. They are the foundation of managerial marketing and the marketing plan typically devotes a section to the marketing mix.
Marc Oliver Opresnik (/ oʊ ˈ p r ɛ s n ɪ k / oh-PRESS-ik; [1] born September 27, 1969) is a German professor, scholar, author and researcher. He is a professor of business administration with focus on marketing at the Lübeck University of Applied Sciences in Germany and Chief Research Officer at Kotler Impact Inc., the organization founded by the American marketing professor Philip Kotler.
The original marketing mix, or 4 Ps, as originally proposed by marketers and academic Philip Kotler and E. Jerome McCarthy, provides a framework for marketing decision-making. [6] McCarthy's marketing mix has since become one of the most enduring and widely accepted frameworks in marketing. [22]
It is the responsibility of marketing managers to ensure that the execution of marketing programs achieves the desired objectives and does so in a cost-efficient manner. Marketing management therefore often makes use of various organizational control systems, such as sales forecasts , and sales force and reseller incentive programs, sales force ...
Shelby D. Hunt-former editor of the Journal of Marketing and organisational theorist; John E. Jeuck (1916–2009) – early marketing educator; Philip Kotler (1931–) – popularised the managerial approach to marketing; prolific author; E. St. Elmo Lewis – developed the AIDA model used in sales and advertising
Marketers typically begin planning with a detailed understanding of customer needs and wants. A need is something required for a healthy life (e.g. food, water, shelter, emotional bonding); A want is a desire, wish or aspiration; When needs or wants are backed by purchasing power, they have the potential to become demands.
A marketing plan is a plan created to accomplish specific marketing objectives, outlining a company's advertising and marketing efforts for a given period, describing the current marketing position of a business, and discussing the target market and marketing mix to be used to achieve marketing goals.