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G-code (also RS-274) is the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) and 3D printing programming language. It is used mainly in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools , as well as for 3D-printer slicer applications .
A CNC machine is a motorized maneuverable tool and often a motorized maneuverable platform, which are both controlled by a computer, according to specific input instructions. Instructions are delivered to a CNC machine in the form of a sequential program of machine control instructions such as G-code and M-code, and then
G-code instructions are provided to a machine controller (industrial computer) that tells the motors where to move, how fast to move, and what path to follow. The two most common situations are that, within a machine tool such as a lathe or mill, a cutting tool is moved according to these instructions through a toolpath cutting away material to leave only the finished workpiece and/or an ...
CNC machines use G-code and M-code in order to control the machine and the positioning of the spindle. Canned cycles use G-code to machine specific features such as flat-bottom pockets, drilling, or tapping cycles. [3] These make use of 2.5 axis machines, and are used more in education then industry.
These machines have developed from the basic NC (NUMERIC CONTROL) machines. A computerized form of NC machines is known as CNC machines. A set of instructions (called a program) is used to guide the machine for desired operations. There are over 100 different G-codes and M-codes. [8] Some very commonly used codes, which are used in the program are:
EIA-274 is the most common NC code format. In the machine tool industry it also known as G-code. In the PCB industry Standard Gerber, now revoked, was based on it. RS-279 electronic color code originally known as the RETMA color code
The output from the CAM software is usually a simple text file of G-code/M-codes, sometimes many thousands of commands long, that is then transferred to a machine tool using a direct numerical control (DNC) program or in modern Controllers using a common USB Storage Device. CAM packages could not, and still cannot, reason as a machinist can.
As with CNC milling machines, CNC routers can be controlled directly by manual programming, but CAD/CAM allows wider possibilities for contouring, speeding up the programming process and in some cases creating programs whose manual programming would be impractical. On some controllers the G-code can be loaded as a vector file on the router ...