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The Haworth projection was named after the British chemist Sir Norman Haworth. [2] A Haworth projection has the following characteristics: [3] Carbon is the implicit type of atom. In the example on the right, the atoms numbered from 1 to 6 are all carbon atoms. Carbon 1 is known as the anomeric carbon. Hydrogen atoms on carbon are implicit. In ...
Haworth Projection of β-D-glucopyranose Hermann Emil Fischer won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1902) for his work in determining the structure of the D - aldohexoses . [ 1 ] However, the linear, free-aldehyde structures that Fischer proposed represent a very minor percentage of the forms that hexose sugars adopt in solution.
The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral carbon is well specified. Each stereoisomer of a simple open-chain monosaccharide can be identified by the positions (right or left) in the Fischer diagram of the chiral hydroxyls (the hydroxyls attached ...
Allulose, also known by its systematic name D-ribo-2-hexulose as well as by the name D-psicose, is a monosaccharide and a ketohexose. [ 2 ] [ 11 ] It is a C3 epimer of fructose . [ 2 ] Fructose can be converted to allulose by the enzymes D -tagatose 3-epimerase ( EC 5.1.3.31 ) and/or D -psicose 3-epimerase ( EC 5.1.3.30 ), which has allowed for ...
2, 3 = Haworth projections. 4 = Mills projection. Every two anomers are designated alpha (α) or beta (β), according to the configurational relationship between the anomeric centre and the anomeric reference atom , hence they are relative stereodescriptors . [ 2 ]
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Haworth projection of the chitin molecule. A close-up of the wing of a leafhopper; the wing is composed of chitin. A cicada emerges from its nymphal exoskeleton; the shed exoskeleton is mostly modified chitin but the wings and much of the adult body are still unsclerotized chitin at this stage