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Hiei was the second of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Kongō-class battlecruisers, a line of capital ships designed by the British naval architect George Thurston. [2] The class was ordered in 1910 in the Japanese Emergency Naval Expansion Bill after the commissioning of HMS Invincible in 1908. [3]
Between the 1890s and 1940s, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) built a series of battleships as it expanded its fleet. Previously, the Empire of Japan had acquired a few ironclad warships from foreign builders, although it had adopted the Jeune École naval doctrine which emphasized cheap torpedo boats and commerce raiding to offset expensive, heavily armored ships.
Hiei was laid down at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 4 November 1911, launched 21 November 1912, and commissioned at Sasebo 4 August 1914, attached to the Third Battleship Division of the First Fleet. [ 31 ] [ 42 ] After conducting patrols off China and in the East China Sea during World War I, Hiei was placed in reserve in 1920. [ 42 ]
At least three warships of Japan have been named Hiei, after Mount Hiei: Japanese ironclad Hiei, a 1870s Kongō-class ironclad corvette of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Japanese battleship Hiei, a 1912 Kongō-class battlecruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy. JDS Hiei, a Haruna-class destroyer in service with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ...
Japanese destroyer Shimakaze (1942) Japanese destroyer Shinonome (1927) Japanese destroyer Shirayuki (1928) USS Sims (DD-409) Sinking of the Moskva; South Amboy powder pier explosion; USS St. Lo; German auxiliary cruiser Stier; French battleship Suffren; Japanese destroyer Suzunami (1943) Soviet destroyer Svobodny (1940)
Converted to fast battleship, 1935 Haruna: Mar 1912 Apr 1915 Converted to fast battleship, 1933 Hiei: Nov 1911 Apr 1915 Converted to training ship, 1937; fast battleship, 1941 Kirishima: Mar 1912 Apr 1915 Converted to fast battleship, 1941 Amagi class: 40,000 tons Amagi: Cancelled, 1922 Akagi: Dec 1920 Mar 1927 Completed as aircraft carrier Atago
Hiei was the second of the Kongo battlecruisers, and the first one constructed in Japan. She underwent what was likely the most varied reconstructions of any of the warships, being converted to a training ship to avoid being scrapped in 1929, before being reconfigured as a fast battleship.
Monssen fired five torpedoes at the Japanese battleship Hiei at 01:56, with two hitting the Japanese battleship on the port side near the boiler rooms between the forward superstructure and mainmast. Monssen fired a second salvo of five torpedoes at a ship (later identified as the USS Atlanta), but missed with the second salvo of torpedoes. [1]