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A synclinorium (plural synclinoriums or synclinoria) is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds. [1] Synclines are typically a downward fold (synform), termed a synformal syncline (i.e. a trough), but synclines that point upwards can be found when strata have been overturned and folded (an antiformal syncline).
Under compressional stress, folds grow in all three dimensions, including vertical fold amplification and lateral fold propagation, both along fold crest and perpendicular to fold crests. Three-dimensional fold growth can be observed in areas like the Zagros Mountains in Iraq and Iran [ 6 ] as well as Wheeler Ridge in California , United States.
A structural basin is a large-scale structural formation of rock strata formed by tectonic warping of previously flat-lying strata into a syncline fold. They are geological depressions, the inverse of domes. Elongated structural basins are a type of geological trough.
See the main article on folds for a fuller treatment of fold types and nomenclature but in brief, an anticline is an arch-like fold whereas a syncline is its converse; a downfold. Antiforms, anticlinoria, synforms and synclinoria are variations on these. A monocline (or, rarely, a monoform) is a
Syncline, in structural geology, a syncline is a fold, with younger layers closer to the center of the structure. Synclinal, in alkane stereochemistry, a torsion angle between 30° to 90° and –30° to –90°
A fold axis "is the closest approximation to a straight line that when moved parallel to itself, generates the form of the fold". [2] (Ramsay 1967). A fold that can be generated by a fold axis is called a cylindrical fold. This term has been broadened to include near-cylindrical folds. Often, the fold axis is the same as the hinge line. [3] [4]
When the limbs of a fold converge upward, the fold is referred to as an antiform. Conversely, when the limbs of a fold converge downward, the fold is known as a synform. Not to be confused with these terms (antiform and synform), the terms anticline and syncline are used in the description of the stratigraphic significance of the fold.
A zero-offset non-migrated data set. Raw zero-offset data for a simple syncline in a constant velocity world. Notice the signature bow-tie effect in the image. This is the result of reflections occurring from both sides of the syncline, and arriving at the same receiver at different times. Migration can correct this effect.