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  2. Order of magnitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude

    To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one rounds its logarithm to the nearest integer. Thus 4 000 000 , which has a logarithm (in base 10) of 6.602, has 7 as its nearest order of magnitude, because "nearest" implies rounding rather than truncation.

  3. Rounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding

    With round half to even, a non ... and 0.3091 occur in order and each is to be rounded ... no matter how small is the magnitude; for example, when rounding ...

  4. Machine epsilon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_epsilon

    This alternative definition is significantly more widespread: machine epsilon is the difference between 1 and the next larger floating point number.This definition is used in language constants in Ada, C, C++, Fortran, MATLAB, Mathematica, Octave, Pascal, Python and Rust etc., and defined in textbooks like «Numerical Recipes» by Press et al.

  5. Fermi problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_problem

    A Fermi problem (or Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation), is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.

  6. Orders of magnitude (numbers) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)

    Mathematics:, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a proof of Skewes (this was later estimated to be closer to 1.397 × 10 316). Cosmology: The estimated number of Planck time units for quantum fluctuations and tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang is estimated to be 10 10 10 56 {\displaystyle 10^{10^{10^{56}}}} .

  7. Orders of magnitude (data) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)

    An order of magnitude is usually a factor of ten. Thus, four orders of magnitude is a factor of 10,000 or 10 4 . This article presents a list of multiples, sorted by orders of magnitude, for units of information measured in bits and bytes .

  8. Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)

    Objects with size order of magnitude 1e16m: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) radius circle with yellow Vernal Point arrow; Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), left; Dumbbell Nebula (NGC 6853), right; one light-year shell lower right with the smaller Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC_6543) and Barnard 68 adjacent. 1e16m lengths: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) yellow shell ...

  9. Large numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_numbers

    A standardized way of writing very large numbers allows them to be easily sorted in increasing order, and one can get a good idea of how much larger a number is than another one. To compare numbers in scientific notation, say 5×10 4 and 2×10 5, compare the exponents first, in this case 5 > 4, so 2×10 5 > 5×10 4.