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A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, also simply known as a muscarinic agonist or as a muscarinic agent, is an agent that activates the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. [1] The muscarinic receptor has different subtypes, labelled M1-M5, allowing for further differentiation.
Muscarinic antagonist effects and muscarinic agonist effects counterbalance each other for homeostasis. Certain muscarinic antagonists can be classified into either long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) or short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (SAMAs), depending on when maximum effect occurs and for how long the effect ...
According to their site of actions, cholinergic blocking drugs can be classified into two general types — antimuscarinic and antinicotinic agents. [1] Antimuscarinic agents (also known as muscarinic antagonists), including atropine and hyoscine, block acetylcholine at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Trospium chloride is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, but does not cross the blood–brain barrier. As a result, it is able to counteract the peripheral side effects of xanomeline caused by M 4 and M 1 receptor activation without affecting the central nervous system. [8]
Common side effects include nausea, increased saliva, crampy abdominal pain, and slow heart rate. [3] More severe side effects include low blood pressure, weakness, and allergic reactions. [3] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [3] Neostigmine is in the cholinergic family of medications. [3]
Cevimeline is a cholinergic agonist. [2] It has a particular effect on M 1 and M 3 receptors . [ 2 ] By activating the M 3 receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system , cevimeline stimulates secretion by the salivary glands , thereby alleviating dry mouth.
Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. [1] Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. [10] Pilocarpine is in the miotics family of medication. [11] It works by activating cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type which cause the trabecular meshwork to open and the aqueous humor to drain from the eye. [1]
Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, was used to block cholinergic activity in young adults and induce memory impairments similar to those present in the elderly. The memory impairments were reversed when treated with physostigmine, a cholinergic agonist. However, reversing memory impairments in AD patients may not be this easy due to ...