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Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language. The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography , from the Greek stenos (narrow) and graphein (to write).
Gregg Shorthand Alphabet, with letters and words from Esperanto. Gregg shorthand is a system of phonography, or a phonemic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. [4] For example, it uses the f stroke for the / f / sound in funnel, telephone, and laugh, [8] and omits all silent letters. [4]
For example, the sound "R" has two kinds of strokes: round, or straight-line, depending on whether there is a vowel sound before or after the R. There have been several versions of Pitman's shorthand since 1837. The original Pitman's shorthand had an "alphabet" of consonants, which was later modified.
Burmese Shorthand 1952 Zwe Ohn Chein Burmese Burnz' Fonic Shorthand: 1896: Eliza Boardman Burnz: English: Carissimi Shorthand [11] 1940: Juan Antonio Carissimi: Spanish: Caton Scientific Shorthand [12] [13] Thomas Jasper Caton: Century 21 Shorthand [14] Characterie [15] 1588: Timothy Bright: English: Conen de Prépean Shorthand [16] 1813: Louis ...
Forkner Shorthand is an alphabetic shorthand created by Hamden L. Forkner and first published in 1955. Its popularity grew through the 1980s as those who needed shorthand every day (such as secretaries) began to favor the easier learning curve of alphabetic systems to the more difficult (but potentially faster) symbol-based ones.
Examples of Teeline theory include blending of letters (such as CM, CN and PL) and the R principle. Doubling is also commonly used in Teeline - this involves lengthening the outlines for D, T, L, M and W to indicate that an R comes after these outlines - for example, the "D" outline becomes "DR" when it is lengthened, and "M" becomes "MR".
The ditto mark is a shorthand sign, used mostly in hand-written text, indicating that the words or figures above it are to be repeated. [1] [2]The mark is made using "a pair of apostrophes"; [1] "a pair of marks " used underneath a word"; [3] the symbol " (quotation mark); [2] [4] or the symbol ” (right double quotation mark).
Taylor shorthand is written partially phonetically, so that, for example, an English word containing ph is written with the letter for f, and c is written as k or s. However, silent e is written with a dot, so that rear is rr , but rare is rr· .