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Most rock forms at elevated temperature and pressure, and the minerals making up the rock are often chemically unstable in the relatively cool, wet, and oxidizing conditions typical of the Earth's surface. Chemical weathering takes place when water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other chemical substances react with rock to change its composition.
An essential feature for the formation of laterite is the repetition of wet and dry seasons. [15] Rocks are leached by percolating rain water during the wet season; the resulting solution containing the leached ions is brought to the surface by capillary action during the dry season. [15]
Frost weathering is a collective term for several mechanical weathering processes induced by stresses created by the freezing of water into ice. The term serves as an umbrella term for a variety of processes, such as frost shattering, frost wedging, and cryofracturing.
During wet seasons deep weathering is more pronounced producing regolith which is then stripped away by erosion during subsequent dry seasons. [6] The rate of stripping must exceed that of regolith production by deep weathering, otherwise deep-seated basal surfaces would not be revealed.
One explanation for their conformation is because the most active environment for weathering is the zone of alternate wetting and drying along the margins of the pools that collect in the pits, the margins tend to deepen and enlarge until all points of the bottom are equally wet or dry at the same time, thus producing their characteristic shape ...
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. [1] On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, [2] [3] just below the stratosphere.
Authorities battling a series of large wildfires in the Los Angeles area have employed a bright red fire retardant to tamp the flames, leading to dramatic images of the material blanketing scores ...
A COLE value of 0.06 means that 100 inches of soil will expand by 6 inches when wet. [2] Soils with this shrink-swell capacity fall under the soil order of Vertisols. [6] As these soils dry, deep cracks can form on the surface, which then allows water to penetrate to deeper levels of the soil. [7]