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The endogenous orexin neuropeptides, orexin A and orexin B, are involved in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles and act to promote wakefulness. [33] [16] [7] Deficiency of orexin signaling is thought to be the primary cause of the sleep disorder narcolepsy. [33] [16] Disturbances in orexin signaling may also be involved in insomnia. [33]
Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
An orexin receptor antagonist, or orexin antagonist, is a drug that inhibits the effect of orexin by acting as a receptor antagonist of one (selective orexin receptor antagonist or SORA) or both (dual orexin receptor antagonis or DORA) of the orexin receptors, OX 1 and OX 2. [1] Medical applications include treatment of sleep disorders such as ...
Orexin, otherwise known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that acts within the brain to regulate appetite and wakefulness as well as a number of other cognitive and physiological processes. [27] [38] [39] Loss of these orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy and most individuals with narcolepsy have a reduced number of these neurons in their ...
The lateral hypothalamus (LH), also called the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), [1] contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system; [2] this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature ...
Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2R or OX 2), also known as hypocretin receptor type 2 (HcrtR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCRTR2 gene. [5] It should not be confused for the protein CD200R1 which shares the alias OX2R but is a distinct, unrelated gene located on the human chromosome 3.
Both orexin receptors exhibit a similar pharmacology – the 2 orexin peptides, orexin-A and orexin-B, bind to both receptors and, in each case, agonist binding results in an increase in intracellular calcium levels. However, orexin-B shows a 5- to 10-fold selectivity for orexin receptor type 2, whilst orexin-A is equipotent at both receptors ...
The orexin 1 receptor (OX 1), is a G-protein coupled receptor that is heavily expressed in projections from the lateral hypothalamus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour. OX 1 selectively binds the orexin-A neuropeptide. It shares 64% identity with OX 2. [5]