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Nortriptyline is an active metabolite of amitriptyline by demethylation in the liver. Chemically, it is a secondary amine dibenzocycloheptene and pharmacologically it is classed as a first-generation antidepressant. [36] Nortriptyline may also have a sleep-improving effect due to antagonism of the H 1 and 5-HT 2A receptors. [37]
Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal) Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen) Protriptyline (Vivactil) Trimipramine (Surmontil) Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped ...
A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the beneficial and harmful effects of TCAs in the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. [11] Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses had not comprehensively assessed TCAs in the same fashion, with the largest including only two TCAs ( amitriptyline and clomipramine ) and only ...
The second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressants characterized primarily by the era of their introduction, approximately coinciding with the 1970s and 1980s, rather than by their chemical structure or by their pharmacological effect.
Abuses akin to ballot stuffing of favourable reviews by the seller (known as incentivized reviews), or negative reviews by competitors, need to be policed by the review host site. Indeed, gathering fake reviews has become big business. [2] In 2012, for example, fake book reviews have been revealed as significantly affecting ratings on Amazon.
TCA overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. [2] The toxic dose depends on the specific TCA. [2] Most are non-toxic at less than 5 mg/kg except for desipramine, nortriptyline, and trimipramine, which are generally non-toxic at less than 2.5 mg/kg. [5] [2] In small children one or two pills can be fatal. [6]
A 2023 systematic review [39] demonstrated that just stimulus control and sleep restriction are effective treatment options for insomnia in older adults. It also indicated that when combined, they generate improvements with a magnitude similar to that of full CBT-I, in as little as two therapeutic sessions.
Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression. [8] It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activities such as weak serotonin reuptake inhibitory, α 1-blocking, antihistamine, and anticholinergic effects.