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The tibial tuberosity thus forms the terminal part of the large structure that acts as a lever to extend the knee-joint and prevents the knee from collapsing when the foot strikes the ground. [1] The two ligaments, the patella, and the tibial tuberosity are all superficial, easily palpable structures.
Enumerated from the medial side, the four canals which it forms transmit the tendons of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus muscles; the posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve, which run through a broad space beneath the ligament; and lastly, in a canal formed partly by the talus, the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus.
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle Soleus: Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Fibularis longus: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Fibularis brevis: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
The tibialis anterior muscle arises from the upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia and [3] [better source needed] the adjoining part of the interosseous membrane and deep fascia overlying it, [2] and the intermuscular septum between this muscle and the extensor digitorum longus. [citation needed]
It is broader above than below. Its upper margin does not quite reach the tibiofibular joint, but presents a free concave border, above which is a large, oval aperture for the passage of the anterior tibial vessels to the front of the leg. In its lower part is an opening for the passage of the anterior peroneal vessels.
The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula. The word malleolus ( / m ə ˈ l iː ə l ə s , m æ -/ [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ), plural malleoli ( / m ə ˈ l iː ə ˌ l aɪ , m æ -/ ), comes from Latin and means "small hammer ".
The three tendons, from front to back, that conjoin to form the pes anserinus come from the sartorius muscle, the gracilis muscle, and the semitendinosus muscle. [1] [2] It inserts onto the proximal anteromedial surface of the tibia. [2] The pes anserinus is around 5 cm below the medial tibial joint line. [2]