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  2. Biosecurity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosecurity

    A microbiologist working on the reconstructed virus of the 1918 Spanish Flu, using a fume hood for biocontainment. [1]Biosecurity refers to measures aimed at preventing the introduction or spread of harmful organisms (e.g. viruses, bacteria, plants, animals etc.) intentionally or unintentionally outside their native range or within new environments.

  3. Plant microbiome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_microbiome

    g) Bacteria and bacterial filaments. h, i) Different bacterial individuals showing great varieties of shapes and morphological features. [ 32 ] Mycorrhizal fungi are abundant members of the rhizosphere community, and have been found in over 200,000 plant species, and are estimated to associate with over 80% of all plants. [ 33 ]

  4. Biosecurity in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosecurity_in_the_United...

    The National Academy of Sciences defines biosecurity as "security against the inadvertent, inappropriate, or intentional malicious or malevolent use of potentially dangerous biological agents or biotechnology, including the development, production, stockpiling, or use of biological weapons as well as outbreaks of newly emergent and epidemic ...

  5. Hypersensitive response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitive_response

    Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.

  6. Transmission of plant viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_plant_viruses

    Vectors either transmit the virus propagative transmission, which results in an amplification of the virus by replication within the cells of the vector, or non-propagative transmission which simply carries the virus between the plants without viral replication. Common vectors include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, arthropods and arachnids.

  7. Plant pathology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_pathology

    Toxins: These can be non-host-specific, which damage all plants, or host-specific, which cause damage only on a host plant. Effector proteins: These can be secreted by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes [6] [7] into the extracellular environment or directly into the host cell, often via the Type three secretion system. Some ...

  8. Plant disease resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_disease_resistance

    Plants have evolved R genes (resistance genes) whose products mediate resistance to specific virus, bacteria, oomycete, fungus, nematode or insect strains. R gene products are proteins that allow recognition of specific pathogen effectors, either through direct binding or by recognition of the effector's alteration of a host protein. [ 6 ]

  9. Host–pathogen interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–pathogen_interaction

    Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms (helminths), and viruses. Each of these different types of organisms can then be further classified as a pathogen based on its mode of transmission. This includes the following: food borne, airborne, waterborne, blood-borne, and vector-borne.