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  2. Ancien régime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancien_régime

    By the end of 1789 the term Ancien Régime was commonly used in France by journalists and legislators to refer to the institutions of French life before the Revolution. [7] It first appeared in print in English in 1794 (two years after the inauguration of the First French Republic ) and was originally pejorative.

  3. Estates of the realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

    [citation needed] Under the ancien régime ("old rule/old government", i.e. before the revolution), the Second Estate were exempt from the corvée royale (forced labor on the roads) and from most other forms of taxation such as the gabelle (salt tax), and most important, the taille (France's oldest form of direct taxation). This exemption from ...

  4. Ancient Regime of Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Regime_of_Spain

    The sociedad de la España moderna ("society of modern Spain" in the sense of the Modern Age or Ancien Régime) was a network of communities of diverse nature, to which individuals were attached by bonds of belonging: territorial communities in the style of the house or the village; intermediate communities such as the manor and the cities and their land (alfoz or comunidad de villa y tierra ...

  5. Glossary of the French Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French...

    Lettre de cachet – Under the ancien régime, a private, sealed royal document that could imprison or exile an individual without recourse to courts of law. "Left" and right" – These political terms originated in this era and derived from the seating arrangements in the legislative bodies. The use of the terms is loose and inconsistent, but ...

  6. Estates General (France) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_General_(France)

    In France under the Ancien Régime, the Estates General (French: États généraux [eta ʒeneʁo]) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates (clergy, nobility and commoners), which were called and dismissed by ...

  7. Pays d'états - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays_d'états

    In red, the pays d'états in 1789. Under the Ancien Régime, a pays d'états (French pronunciation: [pei deta], lit. ' Land of states ') was a type of généralité, or fiscal and financial region where, in contrast to the pays d'election, an estates provincial or representative assembly of the three orders had retained its traditional role of negotiating the raising of taxes with the royal ...

  8. Nobles of the Robe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobles_of_the_Robe

    Charles-Alexandre de Calonne by Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun (1784), London, Royal Collection.Calonne is shown in the costume of his rank, noblesse de robe. Under the Ancien Régime of France, the Nobles of the Robe or Nobles of the Gown (French: noblesse de robe) were Frenchs aristocrats whose rank came from holding certain judicial or administrative posts.

  9. The Old Regime and the Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Regime_and_the...

    Alexis de Tocqueville, L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, Lévy, 1866. L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution (1856) is a work by the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville translated in English as either The Old Regime and the Revolution or The Old Regime and the French Revolution.