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A cytokine storm, or hypercytokinemia is a potentially fatal immune reaction consisting of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells, with highly elevated levels of various cytokines. [37] In normal immune function, positive feedback loops can be utilized to enhance the action of B lymphocytes.
In a situation of lowered blood volume, secretion of renin by the kidneys results in the production of angiotensin II, which stimulates receptors in the VOLT and subfornical organ to complete a positive feedback loop. [9] [12] [13] These neurons also project to the median preoptic nucleus which is involved in controlling thirst. [11] [9] [12]
The Hodgkin cycle represents a positive feedback loop in which an initial membrane depolarization leads to uncontrolled deflection of the membrane potential to near V Na. The initial depolarization must reach or surpass a certain threshold in order to activate voltage-gated Na + channels .
This bistability is most obvious in the transition between the follicular and luteal phases, and arises from interactions between positive and negative feedback loops involving GnRH, LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone. The kisspeptin system creates a switch-like mechanism driving the transition from negative to positive feedback.
Anatomy; Astrobiology; Bacteriology; ... encompassing many aspects of human physiology, ... vast numbers of positive and negative feedback loops are being discovered ...
This is an example of a positive feedback loop. The ability of these channels to assume a closed-inactivated state causes the refractory period and is critical for the propagation of action potentials down an axon .
This forms a positive feedback loop: an injury causes cytokines, a type of signaling molecule, to be released, which induces BSCB disruption that allows white blood cell migration, followed by the white blood cells releasing more cytokines within the spinal cord, keeping the BSCB hyperpermeable. It has been found that blocking the signaling of ...
Thyrotropic feedback control on a more detailed and quantitative level. [3] Thyroid homeostasis results from a multi-loop feedback system that is found in virtually all higher vertebrates. Proper function of thyrotropic feedback control is indispensable for growth, differentiation, reproduction and intelligence.