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  2. Square number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_number

    Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [1] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3.

  3. Square (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(algebra)

    However, the square of the distance (denoted d 2 or r 2), which has a paraboloid as its graph, is a smooth and analytic function. The dot product of a Euclidean vector with itself is equal to the square of its length: v⋅v = v 2. This is further generalised to quadratic forms in linear spaces via the inner product.

  4. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    Another geometric proof proceeds as follows: We start with the figure shown in the first diagram below, a large square with a smaller square removed from it. The side of the entire square is a, and the side of the small removed square is b. The area of the shaded region is . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as ...

  5. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    The square root of 2 (approximately 1.4142) is the positive real number that, when multiplied by itself or squared, equals the number 2. It may be written in mathematics as 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} or 2 1 / 2 {\displaystyle 2^{1/2}} .

  6. Sum of two squares theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_two_squares_theorem

    Of the primes occurring in this decomposition, 2, 5, and 7, only 7 is congruent to 3 modulo 4. Its exponent in the decomposition, 2, is even. Therefore, the theorem states that it is expressible as the sum of two squares. Indeed, 2450 = 7 2 + 49 2. The prime decomposition of the number 3430 is 2 · 5 · 7 3. This time, the exponent of 7 in the ...

  7. Square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square

    All four sides of a square are equal. Opposite sides of a square are parallel. A square has Schläfli symbol {4}. A truncated square, t{4}, is an octagon, {8}. An alternated square, h{4}, is a digon, {2}. The square is the n = 2 case of the families of n-hypercubes and n-orthoplexes.

  8. Constructible number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible_number

    The square root of 2 is equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1 and is therefore a constructible number. In geometry and algebra, a real number is constructible if and only if, given a line segment of unit length, a line segment of length | | can be constructed with compass and straightedge in a finite number of steps.

  9. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    Ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius. Equal to : 1900 to 1600 BCE [2] Square root of 2, Pythagoras constant. [4] 1.41421 35623 73095 04880 [Mw 2] [OEIS 3] Positive root of = 1800 to 1600 BCE [5] Square root of 3, Theodorus' constant [6]