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In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins ).
Branch point in a polymer. Polymer architecture in polymer science relates to the way branching leads to a deviation from a strictly linear polymer chain. [1] Branching may occur randomly or reactions may be designed so that specific architectures are targeted. [1] It is an important microstructural feature.
Topological polymers, or polymer topology, could refer to a single polymeric chain with topological information or a polymer network with special junctions or connections. When the topology of a polymeric chain or network is investigated, the exact chemical composition is usually neglected, but the way of junctions and connections is more ...
If the force is applied for a longer period of time, however, a relaxation process takes place whereby a plastic, irreversible deformation of the sample takes place due to the slipping and disentangling of the polymer chains. [1] To prevent the slipping and flow of polymer chains, cross-linking can be used, both chemical and physical.
In continuum mechanics, an Arruda–Boyce model [1] is a hyperelastic constitutive model used to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber and other polymeric substances. This model is based on the statistical mechanics of a material with a cubic representative volume element containing eight chains along the diagonal directions.
In polymer science Flory–Rehner equation is an equation that describes the mixing of polymer and liquid molecules as predicted by the equilibrium swelling theory of Flory and Rehner. [1] It describes the equilibrium swelling of a lightly crosslinked polymer in terms of crosslink density and the quality of the solvent.
Cross-linked polymers: Wide-meshed cross-linked polymers are elastomers and cannot be molten (unlike thermoplastics); heating cross-linked polymers only leads to decomposition. Thermoplastic elastomers , on the other hand, are reversibly "physically crosslinked" and can be molten.
Curing is a chemical process employed in polymer chemistry and process engineering that produces the toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains. [1] Even if it is strongly associated with the production of thermosetting polymers , the term "curing" can be used for all the processes where a solid product is ...