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Studying glacial motion and the landforms that result requires tools from many different disciplines: physical geography, climatology, and geology are among the areas sometime grouped together and called earth science. During the Pleistocene (the last ice age), huge sheets of ice called continental glaciers advanced over much of the earth.
Glacial flow rate in the Antarctic ice sheet. The motion of ice in Antarctica. Even stable ice sheets are continually in motion as the ice gradually flows outward from the central plateau, which is the tallest point of the ice sheet, and towards the margins. The ice sheet slope is low around the plateau but increases steeply at the margins. [4]
Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand Features of a glacial landscape. Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. [1] The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. [2]
Shallow Ice Approximation (SIA) is a simple method to model ice flow without having to solve full-Stokes equations. [6] The approximation is best applied to ice sheet with a small depth-to-width ratio, without many sliding dynamics and a simple bed topography. [7]
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Basal sliding is the act of a glacier sliding over the bed due to meltwater under the ice acting as a lubricant.This movement very much depends on the temperature of the area, the slope of the glacier, the bed roughness, the amount of meltwater from the glacier, and the glacier's size.
If the glacial action erodes through, a spillway (or col) forms; Horn: a sharp peak connecting multiple glacier intersections, made up of multiple arêtes. Valley step: an abrupt change in the longitudinal slope of a glacial valley; Hanging Valleys: Formed by glacial meltwater eroding the land partially, often accompanied by a waterfall. [2]
I. Ice; Ice age; Ice calving; Ice core; Ice core dating; List of ice cores; Ice divide; Ice drilling; Ice jam; Ice lens; Ice mass balance buoy; Ice segregation; Ice sheet