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  2. Suprachiasmatic nucleus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic_nucleus

    The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a small region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for regulating sleep cycles in animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Reception of light inputs from photosensitive retinal ganglion cells allow it to coordinate the subordinate cellular clocks of the body ...

  3. Retinohypothalamic tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinohypothalamic_tract

    The axons of the ipRGCs belonging to the retinohypothalamic tract project directly, monosynaptically, to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) via the optic nerve and the optic chiasm. [a] [2] The suprachiasmatic nuclei receive and interpret information on environmental light, dark and day length, important in the entrainment of the "body

  4. Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventrolateral_preoptic_nucleus

    The “master clock” for circadian rhythms in mammals is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN has little if any projection directly to the VLPO neurons. Instead, they project strongly to the adjacent subparaventricular zone, which in turn contains inhibitory GABAergic neurons that innervate the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.

  5. Robert Y. Moore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Y._Moore

    In 1972 in his laboratory at the University of Chicago, Moore and Victor B. Eichler demonstrated the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a small region of the brain in the hypothalamus located directly above the optic chiasm, was necessary for circadian rhythms, i.e. it was a circadian clock. While the SCN had been a known component of the brain for ...

  6. One postsynaptic target of ipRGCs is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which serves as the circadian clock in an organism. ipRGCs release both pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating protein (PACAP) and glutamate onto the SCN via a monosynaptic connection called the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). [15]

  7. Pineal gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland

    In humans and other mammals, the light signals necessary to set circadian rhythms are sent from the eye through the retinohypothalamic system to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the pineal gland. The fossilized skulls of many extinct vertebrates have a pineal foramen (opening), which in some cases is larger than that of any living ...

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  9. PER3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PER3

    It is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity , metabolism, and behavior.