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  2. Fixed-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-point_arithmetic

    A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...

  3. Binary number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number

    Arithmetic values thought to have been represented by parts of the Eye of Horus. The scribes of ancient Egypt used two different systems for their fractions, Egyptian fractions (not related to the binary number system) and Horus-Eye fractions (so called because many historians of mathematics believe that the symbols used for this system could be arranged to form the eye of Horus, although this ...

  4. Repdigit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repdigit

    In recreational mathematics, a repdigit or sometimes monodigit [1] is a natural number composed of repeated instances of the same digit in a positional number system (often implicitly decimal). The word is a portmanteau of "repeated" and "digit". Examples are 11, 666, 4444, and 999999. All repdigits are palindromic numbers and are multiples of ...

  5. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

    Time-keeping on this clock uses arithmetic modulo 12. Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus.

  6. Rational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

    In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

  7. List of number theory topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number_theory_topics

    Simple continued fraction. Mathematical constant (sorted by continued fraction representation) Khinchin's constant; Lévy's constant; Lochs' theorem; Gauss–Kuzmin–Wirsing operator; Minkowski's question mark function; Generalized continued fraction; Kronecker's theorem; Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem; Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant; Gelfond ...

  8. Extended precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_precision

    Thus, a value such as 10.15, is represented in binary as equivalent to 10.1499996185 etc. in decimal for REAL*4 but 10.15000000000000035527 etc. in REAL*8: inter-conversion will involve approximation, except for those few decimal fractions that represent an exact binary value, such as 0.625 .

  9. Air–fuel ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air–fuel_ratio

    Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion).