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Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus (BNSM) is the occurrence of myoclonus (jerky movements) during sleep. [1] It is not associated with seizures. [1] BNSM occurs in the first few weeks of life, and usually resolves on its own within the first 3-4 months of life. [2]
Myoclonic movements can either be caused by seizures or be benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, a common mimicker of seizures in neonates. Myoclonic seizures are characterized by isolated and fast contractions of muscle groups that are non-repetitive. It generally involves flexor muscle groups of upper extremities- trunk, diaphragm, face. [28]
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching of a muscle, a joint, or a group of muscles, different from clonus, which is rhythmic or regular. Myoclonus (myo-"muscle", clonus "spasm") describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease.
G47.81 Other non REM sleep related parasomnias Excl: benign neonatal sleep syndrome (G25.37) G47.810 Sleep related bruxism; G47.811 Sleep related enuresis; G47.812 Non-REM-sleep related abnormal swallowing syndrome; G47.813 Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia; G47.82 Sleep arousal disorders, confusional arousal, Sleep drunkenness
A hypnic jerk, hypnagogic jerk, sleep start, sleep twitch, myoclonic jerk, or night start is a brief and sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the body which occurs when a person is beginning to fall asleep, often causing the person to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment.
Similar to non-familial neonatal seizures, familial seizures may be focal, multifocal clonic, or tonic. The key to diagnosis is a family history of similar events and a normal neurological exam. Seizures occur between a few days to a few weeks of life and resolve by 5 months of age (range 5 days to 2 years).
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Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) previously known as West syndrome needs the inclusion of epileptic spasms for diagnosis. [1] Epileptic spasms (also known as infantile spasms) may also occur outside of a syndrome (that is, in the absence of hypsarrhythmia and cognitive regression) - notably in association with severe brain disorders (e.g. lissencephaly).