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Optical cross section of a flat mirror with a given reflectivity at a particular wavelength () can be expressed by the formula = Where is the cross sectional diameter of the beam. Note that the direction of the light has to be perpendicular to the mirror surface for this formula to be valid, else the return from the mirror would no longer go ...
Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation:
Radar Cross Section, Optical Theorem, Physical Optics Approx, Radiation by Line Sources for detailed lecture on introduction to the Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Hip-pocket formulas for high-frequency RCS backscatter; useful reference sheet (PDF) Method to measure radar cross section parameters of antennas
absorption cross section and scattering cross section are both quantitatively related to the attenuation coefficient; see absorption cross section and scattering cross section for details; The attenuation coefficient is also sometimes called opacity ; see opacity (optics) .
Folding a rectangular sheet of paper into thirds using the crossed ladders problem. The optic equation of the crossed ladders problem can be applied to folding rectangular paper into three equal parts. One side (the left one illustrated here) is partially folded in half and pinched to leave a mark.
Rayleigh–Gans approximation has been applied on the calculation of the optical cross sections of fractal aggregates. [6] The theory was also applied to anisotropic spheres for nanostructured polycrystalline alumina and turbidity calculations on biological structures such as lipid vesicles [7] and bacteria.
where Q is the efficiency factor of scattering, which is defined as the ratio of the scattering cross-section and geometrical cross-section πa 2. The term p = 4πa( n − 1)/λ has as its physical meaning the phase delay of the wave passing through the centre of the sphere, where a is the sphere radius, n is the ratio of refractive indices ...
Assume an optical element has its optic axis [clarification needed] perpendicular to the surface vector for the plane of incidence [clarification needed] and is rotated about this surface vector by angle θ/2 (i.e., the principal plane through which the optic axis passes, [clarification needed] makes angle θ/2 with respect to the plane of ...