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Patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should refrain from using beta 2 blockers since they can cause bronchoconstriction, exacerbating the conditions. [5] Additionally, it potentially increases the risk of hypoglycaemic comas in diabetic patients. [5]
The cardio-selective beta-1 blockers could cause adverse effects including bradycardia, reduced exercise ability, hypotension, atrioventricular nodal blockage and heart failure. [5] Other possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting , abdominal discomfort , dizziness , weakness , headache , fatigue , and dryness in mouth and eye . [ 5 ]
Excessive doses of metoprolol can cause bradycardia, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, seizures, and cardiorespiratory arrest. Blood or plasma concentrations may be measured to confirm a diagnosis of overdose or poisoning in hospitalized patients or to assist in a medicolegal death investigation.
Like other β adrenergic agonists, they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders.
The drugs that can cause hair loss include antihypertensive medications (such as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers), cancer medications, statins, anticoagulants, antidepressants and medications that ...
Bronchospasms can present as a sign of giardiasis. Some factors that contribute to bronchospasm include consuming certain foods, taking certain medicines, allergic responses to insects, and fluctuating hormone levels, particularly in women. [1] [2] Bronchospasms are one of several conditions associated with cold housing. [3]
The underlying cause of this type of bronchoconstriction appear to be the large volume of cool, dry air inhaled during strenuous exercise. The condition appears to improve when the air inhaled is more fully humidified and closer to body temperature. This specific condition, in the general population, can vary between 7 and 20 percent.
They are also contraindicated in severe asthmatics due to bronchoconstriction, and should be used cautiously in diabetics as they can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Agents include either cardioselectives such as acebutolol or metoprolol , or non-cardioselectives such as oxprenolol or sotalol .